ESP Aviation: Bandara dan Pesawat
Ketika mempelajari dunia penerbangan, kita akan menemukan banyak istilah teknis dalam bahasa Inggris yang digunakan secara internasional. Mulai dari tipe bandara, tipe pesawat, hingga perangkat dan fasilitas pendukungnya, semua memiliki istilah khusus yang penting untuk dipahami oleh siswa, calon pilot, pramugari, petugas bandara, maupun pembelajar Aviation English.
Tabel
berikut merangkum istilah-istilah tersebut.
A. Jenis Bandara (Types of Airports)
|
No |
Istilah Inggris |
Penjelasan |
Contoh Kalimat |
|
1 |
International Airport |
Bandara untuk penerbangan internasional |
Bali has one of the busiest international airports in Indonesia. |
|
2 |
Domestic Airport |
Bandara khusus penerbangan dalam negeri |
The flight to Makassar departs from the domestic airport. |
|
3 |
Regional Airport |
Bandara kecil yang melayani area tertentu |
Regional airports connect small towns to major cities. |
|
4 |
Hub Airport |
Bandara pusat transit maskapai |
Dubai International Airport is a major hub airport. |
|
5 |
Cargo/Freight Airport |
Bandara yang fokus menangani pesawat kargo |
Most e-commerce packages pass through cargo airports. |
|
6 |
Military Airport / Air Base |
Bandara khusus operasi militer |
The air base is not open to civilian flights. |
|
7 |
Private Airport |
Bandara untuk jet pribadi atau korporat |
The business jet landed at a private airport. |
|
8 |
STOL Airport |
Bandara untuk pesawat ber-landasan pendek |
The island can only be reached via a STOL airport. |
|
9 |
Heliport |
Area pendaratan helikopter |
The hospital’s heliport is used for emergency flights. |
|
10 |
Seaplane Base |
Area mendaratnya pesawat amfibi di air |
Tourists departed from the seaplane base. |
B. Jenis Pesawat (Types of Aircraft)
|
No |
Istilah Inggris |
Penjelasan |
Contoh Kalimat |
|
1 |
Commercial Airliner |
Pesawat penumpang komersial |
The commercial airliner can carry 180 passengers. |
|
2 |
Wide-Body Aircraft |
Pesawat berbadan lebar (2 lorong) |
Wide-body aircraft are used for long-haul flights. |
|
3 |
Narrow-Body Aircraft |
Pesawat berbadan sempit (1 lorong) |
Most domestic flights use narrow-body planes. |
|
4 |
Turboprop Aircraft |
Pesawat bermesin baling-baling turbin |
Turboprop aircraft are ideal for short routes. |
|
5 |
Jet Aircraft / Jetliner |
Pesawat bermesin jet |
Jet aircraft fly faster than turboprops. |
|
6 |
Light Aircraft |
Pesawat kecil/pribadi |
Light aircraft are commonly used for pilot training. |
|
7 |
Private Jet / Business Jet |
Jet pribadi |
The celebrity traveled by private jet. |
|
8 |
Cargo Aircraft / Freighter |
Pesawat pengangkut barang |
The freighter delivered tons of medical equipment. |
|
9 |
Military Aircraft |
Pesawat militer |
The military aircraft conducted a training mission. |
|
10 |
Helicopter |
Helikopter |
The helicopter landed safely on the rooftop pad. |
|
11 |
UAV / Drone |
Pesawat tanpa awak |
The drone captured stunning aerial footage. |
|
12 |
Seaplane |
Pesawat yang mendarat di air |
The seaplane took off from the lagoon. |
C. Kelengkapan Bandara (Airport Equipment and Facilities)
|
No |
Istilah Inggris |
Penjelasan |
Contoh Kalimat |
|
1 |
Runway |
Landasan pacu |
The aircraft is cleared to land on runway 09. |
|
2 |
Taxiway |
Jalur pesawat menuju runway/apron |
The pilot followed the taxiway to the terminal. |
|
3 |
Apron / Ramp |
Area parkir pesawat |
The aircraft is now parked on the apron. |
|
4 |
Control Tower (ATC Tower) |
Menara pengawas lalu lintas udara |
The control tower monitors all airport movements. |
|
5 |
ILS (Instrument Landing System) |
Sistem pendaratan berbantuan instrumen |
The pilot relied on the ILS due to fog. |
|
6 |
Radar System |
Sistem radar untuk memonitor pesawat |
The radar detected an aircraft approaching. |
|
7 |
Jet Bridge / Aerobridge |
Jembatan penumpang ke pesawat |
Passengers boarded the plane via the jet bridge. |
|
8 |
Ground Support Equipment (GSE) |
Peralatan pendukung bandara |
GSE includes pushback tractors and belt loaders. |
|
9 |
Baggage Conveyor |
Sabuk berjalan bagasi |
Passengers waited at the baggage conveyor. |
|
10 |
Runway Lights |
Lampu landasan |
Runway lights were activated at sunset. |
D. Kelengkapan Pesawat (Aircraft Components & Internal Equipment)
|
No |
Istilah Inggris |
Arti / Penjelasan |
Contoh Kalimat |
|
1 |
Cockpit / Flight Deck |
Ruang pilot |
Only the crew may enter the cockpit. |
|
2 |
Fuselage |
Badan pesawat |
The fuselage is built to withstand pressure. |
|
3 |
Wings |
Sayap pesawat |
The wings provide lift during flight. |
|
4 |
Engines |
Mesin pesawat |
The aircraft is powered by two turbofan engines. |
|
5 |
Landing Gear |
Roda pendaratan |
The landing gear is lowered before landing. |
|
6 |
Flaps & Slats |
Komponen untuk meningkatkan angkat |
The pilot extended the flaps for landing. |
|
7 |
Ailerons |
Pengendali gerak miring |
Ailerons help the aircraft turn mid-air. |
|
8 |
Rudder |
Pengendali arah di ekor |
The rudder stabilizes the aircraft during crosswinds. |
|
9 |
Elevators |
Mengatur naik-turun (pitch) |
The elevators control the aircraft’s pitch. |
|
10 |
Overhead Bin |
Kompartemen bagasi kabin |
Store your bags in the overhead bin. |
|
11 |
Galley |
Dapur kecil pesawat |
The meals were prepared in the galley. |
|
12 |
Black Box (FDR/CVR) |
Perekam data penerbangan |
The black box contains crucial flight information. |
|
13 |
Emergency Equipment |
Peralatan darurat |
The aircraft is equipped with life vests and oxygen masks. |
