Prinsip Dasar Penyusunan Kuesioner
Dalam penelitian pendidikan, kuesioner (questionnaire) merupakan salah satu instrumen yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Kualitas data yang diperoleh sangat bergantung pada bagaimana pertanyaan dalam kuesioner disusun.
Menurut Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, & Walker (2019), terdapat 11 prinsip dasar yang perlu diperhatikan peneliti dalam menulis pertanyaan agar hasil survei valid, reliabel, dan mudah dipahami responden.
Berikut ini prinsip-prinsipnya:
1. Gunakan bahasa yang sederhana, jelas, dan mudah dipahami responden.
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Disarankan dipakai
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Hindari |
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“Do you join extracurricular activities?”
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“Do you engage in extracurricular pedagogical undertakings?”
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2. Pertanyaan jangan sampai menimbulkan penafsiran ganda.
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Disarankan dipakai
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Hindari |
|
“How many hours do you study English per week?” |
“Do you study often?” (sering bisa berarti setiap hari, seminggu sekali, dll.)
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3. Pertanyaan harus spesifik, tidak terlalu umum.
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Disarankan dipakai
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Hindari |
|
“Do you like reading English short stories?”
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“Do you like reading?” |
4. Jangan mengarahkan jawaban responden.
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Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“What do you think about using English movies to learn English?”
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“Don’t you agree that English movies are the best way to learn English?”
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5. Hindari pertanyaan yang menanyakan dua hal sekaligus.
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Disarankan dipakai
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Hindari |
|
“Do you like English songs?” “Do you like English novels?”
|
“Do you like English songs and novels?” |
6. Pertanyaan negatif sering membingungkan responden.
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Disarankan dipakai
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Hindari |
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“Do you think English grammar is difficult?”
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“Don’t you think English grammar is not difficult?” |
7. Hindari istilah yang mungkin tidak dipahami responden.
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Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“How often do you check your understanding when reading English?”
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“How often do you employ metacognitive strategies in reading?” |
8. Pertanyaan harus sesuai dengan pengalaman responden.
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Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“How often do you use English in class?” |
“How often do you use English at work?” (untuk siswa SMA)
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9. Jika menggunakan pertanyaan tertutup, pastikan opsi jawaban lengkap dan logis.
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Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“How often do you read English books? (a) never (b) once a month (c) once a week (d) every day”
|
“How often do you read English books? (a) often (b) rarely”
|
10. Pertanyaan sebaiknya singkat, tidak bertele-tele.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“Do you think you need more grammar practice in class?” |
“Considering the complexity of the English language, in your opinion, do you feel that it is necessary to spend more hours in class for grammar exercises?”
|
11. Hindari pertanyaan yang terlalu pribadi bisa membuat responden enggan menjawab.
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Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
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“Do you have internet access at home?” |
“What is your family’s monthly income?”
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Basic Guidelines for Questionnaire
Dalam penelitian pendidikan, kuesioner (questionnaire) merupakan salah satu instrumen yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Kualitas data yang diperoleh sangat bergantung pada bagaimana pertanyaan dalam kuesioner disusun.
Menurut Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, & Walker (2019), terdapat 11 prinsip dasar yang perlu diperhatikan peneliti dalam menulis pertanyaan agar hasil survei valid, reliabel, dan mudah dipahami responden.
Berikut ini prinsip-prinsipnya:
1. Gunakan bahasa yang sederhana, jelas, dan mudah dipahami responden.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“Do you join extracurricular activities?”
|
“Do you engage in extracurricular pedagogical undertakings?”
|
2. Pertanyaan jangan sampai menimbulkan penafsiran ganda.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“How many hours do you study English per week?” |
“Do you study often?” (sering bisa berarti setiap hari, seminggu sekali, dll.)
|
3. Pertanyaan harus spesifik, tidak terlalu umum.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“Do you like reading English short stories?”
|
“Do you like reading?” |
4. Jangan mengarahkan jawaban responden.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“What do you think about using English movies to learn English?”
|
“Don’t you agree that English movies are the best way to learn English?”
|
5. Hindari pertanyaan yang menanyakan dua hal sekaligus.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“Do you like English songs?” “Do you like English novels?”
|
“Do you like English songs and novels?” |
6. Pertanyaan negatif sering membingungkan responden.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“Do you think English grammar is difficult?”
|
“Don’t you think English grammar is not difficult?” |
7. Hindari istilah yang mungkin tidak dipahami responden.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“How often do you check your understanding when reading English?”
|
“How often do you employ metacognitive strategies in reading?” |
8. Pertanyaan harus sesuai dengan pengalaman responden.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“How often do you use English in class?” |
“How often do you use English at work?” (untuk siswa SMA)
|
9. Jika menggunakan pertanyaan tertutup, pastikan opsi jawaban lengkap dan logis.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“How often do you read English books? (a) never (b) once a month (c) once a week (d) every day”
|
“How often do you read English books? (a) often (b) rarely”
|
10. Pertanyaan sebaiknya singkat, tidak bertele-tele.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“Do you think you need more grammar practice in class?” |
“Considering the complexity of the English language, in your opinion, do you feel that it is necessary to spend more hours in class for grammar exercises?”
|
11. Hindari pertanyaan yang terlalu pribadi bisa membuat responden enggan menjawab.
|
Disarankan dipakai
|
Hindari |
|
“Do you have internet access at home?” |
“What is your family’s monthly income?”
|
